shell institution
as defined in Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31…, Article 2(1), point (23) (Definitions)
(a) for credit institutions and financial institutions other than crypto-asset service providers: a credit institution or financial institution, or an institution that carries out activities equivalent to those carried out by credit institutions and financial institutions, created in a jurisdiction in which it has no physical presence, involving meaningful mind and management, and which is unaffiliated with a regulated financial group; (b) for crypto-asset service providers: an entity whose name appears in the register established by the European Securities and Markets Authority pursuant to Article 110 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 or third country entity providing crypto-asset services without being licensed or registered nor subject to AML/CFT supervision there